Probability and Statistics

Sites with clear resources by topic – Probability and Statistics

See also: Number, Ratio, Algebra, Geometry

GCSE Content
Probability
1. record describe and analyse the frequency of outcomes of probability experiments using tables and frequency trees

2. apply ideas of randomness, fairness and equally likely events to calculate expected outcomes of multiple future experiments

3. relate relative expected frequencies to theoretical probability, using appropriate language and the 0 – 1 probability scale

4. apply the property that the probabilities of an exhaustive set of outcomes sum to one; apply the property that the probabilities of an exhaustive set of mutually exclusive events sum to one

5. understand that empirical unbiased samples tend towards theoretical probability distributions, with increasing sample size

6. enumerate sets and combinations of sets systematically, using tables, grids, Venn diagrams and tree diagrams

7. construct theoretical possibility spaces for single and combined experiments with equally likely outcomes and use these to calculate theoretical probabilities

8. calculate the probability of independent and dependent combined events, including using tree diagrams and other representations, and know the underlying assumptions

9. calculate and interpret conditional probabilities through representation using expected frequencies with two-way tables, tree diagrams and Venn diagrams.

Statistics
1. infer properties of populations or distributions from a sample, whilst knowing the limitations of sampling

2. interpret and construct tables, charts and diagrams, including frequency tables, bar charts, pie charts and pictograms for categorical data, vertical line charts for ungrouped discrete numerical data, tables and line graphs for time series data and know their appropriate use

3. construct and interpret diagrams for grouped discrete data and continuous data, i.e. histograms with equal and unequal class intervals and cumulative frequency graphs, and know their appropriate use 12

4. interpret, analyse and compare the distributions of data sets from univariate empirical distributions through:

  • appropriate graphical representation involving discrete, continuous and grouped data, including box plots
  • appropriate measures of central tendency (median, mean, mode and modal class) and spread (range, including consideration of outliers, quartiles and inter-quartile range)

5. apply statistics to describe a population

6. use and interpret scatter graphs of bivariate data; recognise correlation and know that it does not indicate causation; draw estimated lines of best fit; make predictions; interpolate and extrapolate apparent trends whilst knowing the dangers of so doing

Resources by topic – Probability and Statistics

Exemplification Examples

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